The Best Wedding Planners in Lydia, SC

“I have received over 1,000 images/videos in content, and still have even more coming! What’s crazy is half the time, we didn’t notice Katelyn there, but she still somehow captured every moment! I love that she wasn’t in our faces or constantly bothering us for photos/videos. This way, we were able to enjoy every aspect of our day! Katelyn truly embodied what being “behind the scenes” means! She was also always there when someone did want to ask for a photo, and always obliged, even when my mom was constantly asking her LOL. We got our raw footage back within 48 hours, and most of it after less than 24 hours. We are so grateful for Katelyn capturing all of our special moments!”

Events By Michelle

5.0

Offers 5 services
Starts at $2,000
Serves Lydia, SC

Events By Michelle is based in San Antonio, Austin, Raleigh, Charlotte & everywhere in between!! We are a woman owned business that serves real couples on making their day the most magical day ever! We love what we do and hope that you give us the opportunity to show you our passion to coordinate & capture your special day!

Ashleah, 6 months ago

“Morgan and her team are always looking out for you. They do everything in their power to alleviate any stress you are feeling throughout your planning process. Morgan is well versed in problem solving on the spot and is passionate about giving you the best experience possible. Her work ethic is outstanding. You can tell she puts her heart into her work and goes above and beyond when coordinating your dream event. When you book Golden Forest Events, you can feel confident that your day will go off without a hitch! Plus it feels great supporting a small local family business (Keith, her dad, is the best!).”

Golden Forest Events LLC

5.0

Offers 6 services
Starts at $1,500
Serves Lydia, SC
Offer

Smooth | Flawless | Stress-Free! Golden Forest Events brings liveliness and excitement to our clients and corporations creating an experience. With our eye for design & meticulous attention to detail while listening to what the goal is in creating the experience; we can soar past the expectations with the vast range of knowledge in the creation, management, & production of all meetings, events, and promotions. Coming together from a wide variety of backgrounds, our skilled team of professionals is the backbone of Golden Forest Events. Our ideas and creativity help shape YOUR success for a Smooth, Flawless & Stress-Free Experience.

Tenley R., 5 months ago

“I'm a photographer and have been working with Rachel and her team for a couple of years now. She is the calmest, sweetest and most detail oriented planner that I've worked with in the past 20 years. She puts a very detailed plan together with input from her couples as well as her vendors. The day runs smoothly, everyone has a common goal and the couples have a wonderful experience. Elegant Insight Events is definitely who I 100% recommend.”

Elegant Insight Events

4.8

Offers 3 services
Starts at $6,000
Serves Lydia, SC

We have been creating beautiful events since 2016. From amazing weddings to corporate events we are here to help you enjoy your event and leave all the details to us. We are a one stop shop for all event planning. Clients have told us that working with us is "like working with family." If you want someone who is professional, responds quickly and goes the extra mile, please contact us.

Shirley W., a year ago

“Working with Thyme & Details was a dream come true for our wedding day. Dana and her team were prompt, professional and completely focused on making our vision a reality. Their excellent work and attention to detail resulted in so many compliments from our guests. Dana and her team were prepared for everything, seamlessly collaborating with our other vendors and the venue to ensure the day went off without a hitch. As the mother of the bride, I was able to relax and enjoy the entire day without a single worry, as the Thyme & Details team took care of absolutely every detail. The bride was present, relaxed and happy the entire day thanks to their hard work. We would highly recommend this vendor to any couple planning their wedding.”

Thyme & Details

5.0

Offers 3 services
Starts at $3,500
Serves Lydia, SC
Offer

Thyme & Details offers wedding planning and design services to sentimental couples looking for good vibes and premium personal touches. We know how important it is to be present in the moment – not worrying about organization, budgeting, managing vendors, etc. Let's make planning zesty so you can focus on your VIPs and enjoying your journey. We are based in Ohio but available for travel. Reach out so we can create something unforgettable!

Jenni C., 7 months ago

“Words can’t even begin to express how awesome and amazing Katie and her team, was for our special day!!! From first communication to final and ending our special day, Katie paid attention to detail and wanting to get to know the bridal party to make sure she wasn’t just there for me and my bride but the entire party. If I could go back in time I would still go with Katie and her team for making our day sooooo special and easy on us!!!”

Palmetto River Planning

5.0

Offers 5 services
Starts at $550
Serves Lydia, SC

My name is Katie Cole, and I am the Founder/Head Planner at Palmetto River Planning. I have been planning weddings and events since 2021, but just decided to establish my own company late last year. I am trustworthy, honest, dedicated, and am known for paying close attention to detail. With a passion for this industry, it is my personal goal to make every couple a member of the Palmetto River family and ensure that all our couple's have a worry-free and magical day.

Demari H., a month ago

A Perfect Affair Event Designing, LLC

5.0

Offers 5 services
Starts at $2,300
Serves Lydia, SC

Our Mission is Our Clients! We Create Visions You Only Dream About! You Provide the Fantasy, We Create It Into Reality! Here at A Perfect Affair Event Designing, Every Event Is Worth Perfection. Book Your Event Now!

“A Perfect Affair Event Designing is an amazing company. Their level of professionalism is unparalleled. They were able to take our vision and make it into a reality. Not only did they made everything come to life, but they also exceeded my expectations with recommendations of their own. I would give them 10 stars if I could. I recommend this organization for any event that's needed. Thank you guys so much!”

Levon T. H., 2 years ago

Memories Made with Brittney Lashea

5.0

Offers 5 services
Starts at $850
Serves Lydia, SC

Serving North Carolina, Virginia,Maryland, DC, South Carolina, & Tennessee. Brittney is detail-focused and innovative, excelling at achieving the client's desires even with a strict budget. She offers a wide array of packages and services, all of which are customizable to each couple's individual needs. Whether you need help with the event design and decor rentals or want a steady hand steering the ship on the day of the wedding, Brittney is available to ensure that every element of your special day is perfect.

“It was an absolute pleasure working with Memories Made with Brittney Lashea at a wedding recently. I've worked in the wedding photography business for five years now, and I've seen a LOT of planners in that time. Brittney stands head and shoulders above nearly all of them! She's extremely professional, knowledgable, and experienced, and all of these things manifested in a classy, smooth-running and elegant wedding event. It went off without a hitch. As a professional, Brittney helped make my job easier in various ways, from communicating the timeline well in advance, to even setting up and posing some fun and tricky shots. There were several cases where I was afforded much more time to photograph than I'm typically allowed, which is a rare, unexpected but appreciated blessing. She gracefully coordinated and navigated the day, keeping things on-track in an extremely friendly, professional way. I look forward to working with Memories Made with Brittney Lashea again and again. Robert Burns Owner, Robert Burns II Photography & Videography”

Robert Burns I., 4 months ago

Pearls Wedding Planning & Design

4.9

Offers 7 services
Starts at $1,000
Serves Lydia, SC

Pearls Wedding Planning & Design is dedicated to creating luxurious, unforgettable weddings and events with elegance, creativity, and attention to detail. Offering full-service planning, partial planning, and custom event design, the company ensures every celebration is seamlessly tailored to the client’s unique vision. From concept to execution, Pearls delivers a stress-free, elevated experience.

“Very impressive. Everything was so professional and the crew made sure everything was ok, even checking on us to make sure we were doing ok. They made the event seamless and we're just nice overall. Decor was on point...They really did a great job!”

Amy G., 7 months ago

Avenue Design Studio - Planning & Rentals

5.0

Offers 6 services
Starts at $250
Serves Lydia, SC

At Avenue Design Studio, we began as a floral business, but quickly realized we could offer so much more to our clients. Over our 10+ years of working with couples on those special lifetime moments, we found ourselves stepping in to assist our brides and event clients with planning, vendor coordination, and overall event management. This inspired us to shift our focus and create Avenue Design Studio, a full-service event planning and design company. Whether you’re looking for full-service planning or just need assistance with specific aspects, we provide multiple packages and a la carte options to fit your needs. You dream it, we create it.

“Avenue Design Studio - Wedding Planning was an absolute pleasure to work with from start to finish. Their communication was always clear and responsive, which made the planning process so much smoother. When it came to the quality of their work, they truly exceeded our expectations. Our wedding coordinators and florist from Avenue Designs were incredible - they transformed the venue into a stunning, elegant space that was more beautiful than I could have imagined. My daughter showed the team what she envisioned, and Benjamin and Chad went above and beyond to bring her dreams to life. Everything about her wedding day was perfect and truly magical, thanks to the hard work and expertise of the Avenue Designs team.”

Tracey W., 4 months ago

“Would hire them again for another event! They were wonderful and professional!”

Yours Truly Planning

5.0

Offers 7 services
Starts at $1,000
Serves Lydia, SC

***CLICK ON GLOBE ICON UNDER PROFILE PHOTO TO FILL OUT WEDDING INQUIRY FORM. WE WILL ONLY RESPOND VIA BY FORM.*** If you would like us to get start on planning directly, we ask that you kindly fill out the form and one of our team members will get back to you as soon as possible!

Danielle G., 6 months ago

“Excellent attention to detail. Was helpful in suggesting the best vendors. Very organized from beginning to end.”

Weddings of Elegance

5.0

Offers 4 services
Starts at $550
Serves Lydia, SC
Offer

I am a born organizer. Scheduling and assisting others is what brings me happiness. I love seeing what bride and groom thought couldn't be achieved become a success. I am located in South Carolina. Serving Sumter, Clarendon, Florence, Lee and surrounding counties. I look forward to helping you see your dreams come to life!

L B., 6 months ago

“Daisha was the coordinator and florist for my wedding in May 2024. I could not have been more BLESSED to have found her! Every step of the way she made me feel so calm and confident that my vision would be executed and that I was taken care of. Her communication was perfect. My bouquet was perfect. The decorations were perfect. On the day-of, everything was smooth-sailing thanks to Daisha and her team at Calhoun Events Studio being so kind, organized and professional. I 1000% recommend booking Calhoun Events Studio!!”

Calhoun Events Studio

5.0

Offers 6 services
Starts at $2,000
Serves Lydia, SC
Offer

I’ve worked in everything from venue management, catering to festival planning and corporate events but my first love is all things WEDDINGS! My love for plants and flowers started as a child listening and watching my father care for his house plants, but I truly dived in after his passing! It was a way to connect to him and I realized I had I finally found my calling in life. As a wedding planner and floral designer, I get to merge my love for sculpture, flowers and weddings all into one. My sole purpose is to make sure my clients are at ease knowing their event is tailored specifically to them! Your wedding will tell the story of YOU!

Alexa Arciero, a year ago

Snow & Co. Weddings + Events

5.0

Offers 7 services
Starts at $100
Serves Lydia, SC

At Snow & Co. Weddings + Events, we specialize in creating personalized, stress-free weddings that reflect each couple’s unique love story. Based in Wilkes County, NC, we offer full planning, day-of coordination, event design, and destination weddings. I’m passionate about weddings because I believe in making every couple feel truly celebrated. My faith, attention to detail, and genuine care drive me to bring your vision to life with warmth and professionalism. We’re here to create unforgettable moments, every step of the way.

“Jeri and the team at Snow & Co. Weddings Events were an absolute pleasure to work with! Jeri has a very thorough and direct communication style that is also incredibly supportive and encouraging. She is the BEST person to have by your side for any event, ensuring that every wish is fulfilled. My wedding was exactly what I wanted, as Jeri made my vision come to life down to the smallest detail. Jeri set up and took down all of my decorations, coordinated the flow of our ceremony, cocktail hour, and reception, and constantly checked on me to make sure I was comfortable and confident. Jeri made our wedding day so much less stressful - I knew I could trust her with every detail and did not have to worry about anything!”

Haley B., 16 days ago

“JM Event Co. were an absolute pleasure to work with for our wedding. Their communication style was effective, prompt and kind throughout the entire planning process. The quality of their work was breathtaking - they truly brought my vision for our floral arrangements to life, down to the smallest detail. The ladies created beautiful boutonnières for my groom and groomsmen, as well as a stunning bouquet for me that incorporated a special remembrance of my late father. JM Event Co. were consummate professionals, keeping me informed every step of the way and ensuring our special day was perfect. If you are in need of any floral arrangements for your wedding, I cannot recommend them highly enough.”

J+M Event Co

5.0

Offers 7 services
Starts at $650
Serves Lydia, SC

At J+M Event Co, we believe the best things in life are worth celebrating. We turn your event into an unforgettable, classy experience your guests will be talking about for weeks. We build the blissful celebration you have been dreaming of, all while working within your budget and exceeding your expectations. Whether you’re looking for upscale decor, elegant floral, or competent coordinating, we will provide the element of high-quality grandeur you want at your next event. We can’t wait to meet you!

Shateryca Walker D., a month ago

“Danielle was wonderful. Me and my husband used her for the day of coordinator. She helped me and my husband tremendously on our day. She helped me with my rehearsal, and made sure that everything went smoothly with our ceremony and reception. I will definitely recommend her.”

Triangle Event Pros

5.0

Offers 4 services
Serves Lydia, SC

We are event professionals with over 20+ years of hospitality experience. We are based in the Triangle area of North Carolina but also do business in the Southeastern part of the state and the surrounding areas.

Makenna W., 7 months ago

“Zuzu Collective was an absolute pleasure to work with as our wedding planners. From the start, their communication style was adaptable, friendly, and attentive to every detail. Zoe, our main point of contact, helped us plan the layouts for both the reception room and ceremony, and she organized a smooth rehearsal for the wedding party. On the day-of, she was incredibly organized, punctual, and well-prepared, handling any challenges that arose with a great attitude. The quality of Zuzu Collective's work was simply outstanding - everything from the decor to the vendor coordination was beautifully executed and easy for us to follow. We highly recommend Zuzu Collective as wedding planners and coordinators. Zoe has great ideas, is well-prepared, and is flexible in adjusting to your needs. We are so grateful for all that she did to help our wedding day run smoothly.”

Zuzu Collective

5.0

Offers 7 services
Starts at $400
Serves Lydia, SC
Offer

At Zuzu Collective, we believe your wedding day should be more than just an event—it should be a living, breathing experience that reflects the love, connection, and journey you share with your partner. As a pioneering immersive weddings and events planning company, we specialize in creating extraordinary weddings that go beyond traditional celebrations. With a focus on authentic storytelling, community-building, and sophisticated social engagement, we craft weddings that are deeply personal, beautifully immersive, and unforgettable for you and your guests.

Ed & E., 2 months ago

Eventfully Chic by Parris

5.0

Offers 6 services
Starts at $350
Serves Lydia, SC

At the heart of our business is the belief that every wedding is a unique and special occasion that deserves to be memorable. We are a team of experienced wedding planners who are dedicated to making your dream wedding a reality. Our services are designed to cater to every aspect of your wedding, from the initial planning stages to the final execution.

“Parris did an amazing job making sure our wedding day went off without a hitch. She helped us build a timeline that truly reflected what mattered most to us, whether it was carving out time for private moments, making space for dancing, or keeping everything flowing naturally. On the day of, she was calm, organized, and completely on top of every detail. When the weather threw us a curveball with unexpected wind and last-second changes, Parris rolled with the punches and worked hard to make everything happen seamlessly. We couldn’t have asked for a better coordinator!”

Clayton J., a month ago

“Having Macy as the day of coordinator for our wedding was the best decision we made - our wedding day was 100% stress free! We had no idea about what needed to be considered when having a wedding, but Macy had all the questions ready and helped us think through every detail. Macy is so kind, thoughtful, organized, communicative, and took away all of our stress leading up to the wedding day by being so organized and prepared! She coordinated with the different vendors to ensure a timeline was created and distributed for when each would arrive. I didn’t have to worry about a thing except for confirming details for her. She made sure the wedding party and our parents were at the right spots at the right time throughout the evening and helped keep guests contained during cocktail hour so we could step away with the photographer for photos. She even assisted with clean up and helped pack dessert for us to take and enjoy later! Macy is by far irreplaceable in our eyes, we cannot recommend her enough! She will do everything it takes to make sure you have the best day and she was instrumental for ours. Thank you so much, Macy!!”

Events By Macy

5.0

Offers 3 services
Starts at $2,250
Serves Lydia, SC

We specialize in curating weddings that don’t just look stunning—they feel like you, through every meaningful moment. We'll transform your vision into a celebration that feels deeply personal and effortlessly elegant. With every detail, we aim to capture the feeling of your story and turn it into an experience your guests will never forget.

Tess, 8 months ago

“Felita is an absolute “GEM” in the wedding industry. She’s professional, creative, and a solution guru! You’d be missing out on one of the best if you by-passed her as your only option.”

That Spark Events LLC

5.0

Offers 1 service
Serves Lydia, SC

That Sparks Events is a 7 year award winning wedding planner based in Charleston, SC serving SC, NC, GA, and Worldwide. With a passion for creating magical moments and a keen eye for detail, our team of dedicated professionals goes above and beyond to ensure that each wedding is a true reflection of the couple's unique love story and distinctive tastes. Our sophisticated and stylish event planning services are tailored to meet the needs of discerning couple. Bring to life the enchanting essence of Southern hospitality, ensuring that each attendant has an unforgettable experience filled with warmth, grace, and heartwarming memories.

Chrissy, 2 years ago

Hospitality Butler Events

5.0

Offers 7 services
Starts at $500
Serves Lydia, SC

Hospitality Butler is your premier wedding and event planner. We create unforgettable experiences with meticulous attention to detail and a passion for exceeding expectations. From venue selection and design to catering and entertainment, we handle every aspect to ensure your event is a resounding success.

“Working with Matt Starnes and the Hospitality Butler team was the best decision I made for our wedding in April 2025. We hired them for full-service planning, and from start to finish, Matt brought professionalism, warmth, and unmatched attention to detail. As a detail-oriented bride, I had a strong vision, and Matt honored that while also offering his own thoughtful, creative ideas like carrying the floral design into the ceiling of the tent and recreating a fringe linen I loved for our champagne and cake tables. I trusted him fully. He ensured our crest appeared consistently across the event, and he found a way to display the handwritten notes we wrote for each guest in a meaningful and beautiful way. When I had a dress malfunction with my gown on the wedding day, Matt stepped in immediately, he wrapped his arms around me, reassured me, and had his team fix it on the spot. That kind of care and responsiveness is exactly what you want on such an important day. Matt cares and that is something I will always cherish. If you’re planning a luxury wedding and want a team that can handle every detail with grace and excellence, I cannot recommend Matt and Hospitality Butler enough. I miss our planning meetings and will be continuously jealous of those that get to work with him and his team!”

Margaret T., a month ago

“Cheyenne of Sweet Oak Events is an incredible planner and I love every chance to bring her design vision to life with stationery and details for her clients. She truly takes the time to get to know her clients and their preferences and perfectly encapsulates their taste into a one-of-a-kind elevated experience for them and their guests. She communicates clearly, gives space for flexibility and expertise from individual vendors to provide their very best service, and as a result produces unforgettable and impeccably curated weddings tailored perfectly to their style. Any couple who decides to work with her will undoubtedly have an amazing experience, and vendors she curates to work with her (speaking as one myself!) love to partner with her to bring their best!”

Sweet Oak Events

5.0

Offers 3 services
Starts at $3,500
Serves Lydia, SC

Here at Sweet Oak Events, we believe that life’s milestone moments should be celebrated big time, and there are no repeats. Your wedding day is all about you and should feel effortless, unique, cohesive and be packed with fun details that have you and your guests wishing the party will never end. Our job? Remove the stress and make planning your wedding exciting and easy.

Ashley Triggiano Fine Art, a year ago

“I absolutely loved using this company. They were so professional and caring.”

W&W Events

5.0

Offers 4 services
Starts at $300
Serves Lydia, SC

We are here to provide you the best day without added stress. We want to have your back with all of your wants and needs. We want your experience to be a lasting memory for a lifetime. If you us our services, we will not disappoint.

Daphne A., a year ago

“My original florist died 18 days before my wedding and I had no idea. This was literally last minute and a full wedding worth of florals and design. Casey was amazing to work with and a genuinely kind human being. I would have been lost without her to swoop in and save it all at the finish line!”

Radiant Bliss Designs

5.0

Offers 4 services
Starts at $2,500
Serves Lydia, SC

Radiant Bliss Designs is committed to orchestrating unforgettable moments of love and joy by crafting uniquely personalized weddings that reflect the dreams and aspirations of each couple. With meticulous attention to detail and boundless creativity, we transform visions into reality, ensuring every aspect of the celebration radiates beauty, elegance, and everlasting bliss.

Alliy and K., a year ago

“Not only is the Opulence a talented team, they’re attentive, creative and fun. I’ve worked with them several times and would highly recommend.”

OpulenceSC

5.0

Offers 3 services
Starts at $1,500
Serves Lydia, SC

Opulence Events + Designs is a Columbia, SC-based event planning & design company that specializes in weddings and life’s celebrations. We are just a couple of chicks that love a good love story! As wedding & event professionals, we love creating love stories with lush florals and luxurious linens.

A. Pearson, 3 years ago

Orchid Events

Offers 4 services
Serves Lydia, SC

Welcome to Orchid Events! My name is Mariah. I am newly married. A little bit about me is that I am originally from Maryland but moved to South Carolina in 2015 after having my daughter. Orchid Events is based in Lexington, SC but I am willing to travel all around South Carolina and parts of North Carolina and Georgia. We take care of any and all issues surrounding a wedding day, to create the perfect event for our couples. I am the heart and soul of Orchid Events. We offer anything from month of coordination to full-service planning. We will also help with vow renewal.

“I reached out to Kat for help with the design aspect of our wedding. She put together an incredible design deck and handled all of our decor, rentals, stationary, signage, etc. To say that it was a weight off our shoulders is an understatement. We were very on the fence about a day of coordinator because our venue provided one but after working with Kat on the design we knew it was something we wouldnt regret. Kat and her team made our wedding a dream come true and took care of every single detail so that we didnt stress about anything. They go above and beyond to ensure that things run smoothly and that you are always taken care of. I truly cannot imagine our wedding without them! Her team is a must hire - you will be so much better off with them!!”

Evviva Studio

5.0

Offers 2 services
Starts at $1,800
Serves Lydia, SC for additional fees

With years in the event industry our team has the expertise and skills to bring your dream wedding day to life! Our studio specialities include: event planning, event design and branding, organic florals, film photography, content creation, graphic designs, event coordination and management. Your dream wedding reimagined.

Madeline T., 2 days ago

A Touch of Whimsi Weddings & Events

5.0

Offers 6 services
Starts at $1,100
Serves Lydia, SC for additional fees

We turn love stories into beautiful memories! A Touch of Whimsi Weddings & Events is a Knoxville/ East TN/Destination wedding planning, design and silk floral company. We specialize in elegant, romantic and whimsical weddings, and a day inspired by your love story! It’s Your Day! We handle all of the details so all you have to do is show up and live it!

“I can't say enough good things about our wedding coordinator Kate and her assistant! From start to finish, Kate was incredibly organized, attentive, and professional. She took all the stress out of planning and made sure every detail was perfect. From helping me with my timeline, vendor communication, running our rehearsal, and setting up and breaking down on our wedding day she did it all! Our big day went off without a hitch, and it was all thanks to their hard work and dedication. Highly recommend!”

Madison S., 8 months ago

“I recently had the pleasure of having Brooklyn as the officiant of my wedding and I am so glad I went with her! She made the process as simple as possible, was super easy to work with, was always open to communication and returned correspondence in a more than timely manner. Simply put, everything I needed!”

Brooklyn Rain Brides LLC

5.0

Offers 4 services
Starts at $350
Serves Lydia, SC for additional fees

Hi! I'm Brooklyn - the owner! I'm 23 years old & happily married to my best friend, Michael. Traveling is a huge part of our lives, WDW is our happy place, & our next adventure is never far away. When I'm not at a wedding, you can find me in the flower shop or doing some *light* retail therapy. I recently graduated from KSU with a B.S. in Hospitality & Event Management. I have had the opportunity to work with some amazing couples & vendors in several states. I even spent time in FL working closely with one of the world's leading entertainment companies bringing hundreds of fairytale weddings & events to life. Now, I'm making magic of my own!

Emily B., 8 months ago

The Yellow Rose Weddings & TYR Collection

4.9

Offers 7 services
Starts at $100
Serves Lydia, SC for additional fees
Offer

The Yellow Rose Weddings is a boutique wedding and event planning company established & fueled by a fervent devotion to crafting narratives through tailor-made experiences. Beyond mere logistics, we embody the essence of creative alchemy, Drawing inspiration from the innate grace of natural textures, the soul-stirring allure of organic aesthetics, and the gentle murmurs of untamed landscapes.

“Team Yellow Rose truly brought our vision to life. From our initial consultation, I knew that Isabel and I were on the same page. Isabel was creative with different ways to maintain our budget. She went above and beyond by MAKING CANDLES in the exact shade I wanted when we could not find any. Though we did not meet in person often, she was always a quick text or call away which we really valued. I can't thank this team enough for making our dream wedding a reality.”

Katie D., a year ago